Effect of Filtrated Osmotic Solution Based on Concentrated Chokeberry Juice and Mint Extract on the Drying Kinetics,Energy Consumption and Physicochemical Properties of Dried Apples

Background: Filtration of osmotic solution affects selective penetration during osmotic dehydration (OD), and after drying is finished, this can influence the chemical composition of the material, which is also modified by OD. Methods: Osmotic dehydration was carried out in filtrated and non-filtrated concentrated chokeberry juice with the addition of mint infusion. Then, this underwent convective drying, vacuum-microwave drying and combined convective pre-drying, followed by vacuum-microwave finishing drying. Drying kinetics were presented and mathematical models were selected. The specific energy consumption for each drying method was calculated and the energy efficiency was determined. Results and Discussion: The study revealed that filtration of osmotic solution did not have significant effect on drying kinetics; however, it affected selective penetration during OD. The highest specific energy consumption was obtained for the samples treated by convective drying (CD) (around 170 kJ·g⁻¹ fresh weight (fw)) and the lowest for the samples treated by vacuum-microwave drying (VMD) (around 30 kJ·g⁻¹ fw), which is due to the differences in the time of drying and when these methods are applied. Conclusions: Filtration of the osmotic solution can be used to obtain the desired material after drying and the VMD method is the most appropriate considering both phenolic acid content and the energy aspect of drying.     

CDFI鉴别男性乳腺良恶性肿瘤价值及与CXCL1、Gab2、MVD的相关性探究

本研究选取18例男性乳腺恶性肿瘤患者作为研究组,纳入同期41例男性良性乳腺肿瘤及50例健康体检男性分别作为良性对照组和健康对照组,通过对比分析发现,研究组CDFI参数[搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)、血流速度(PSV)]高于良性对照组和健康对照组(P<0.05);PI、RI、PSV联合诊断男性乳腺恶性肿瘤的AUC高达0.854,具有较高应用价值;研究组患者PI、RI、PSV与CXC型趋化因子配体1(CXCL1)、GRB相关蛋白2(Gab2)、微血管密度(MVD)水平间存在正相关关系(P<0.05)。由此可见,CDFI在鉴别男性乳腺良恶性肿瘤方面具有较高应用价值,且与患者CXCL1、Gab2、MVD表达呈正相关。     

Heavy Metals in Acrylic Color Paints Intended for the School Children Use: A Potential Threat to the Children of Early Age

Heavy metals are the harmful elements, regarded as carcinogens. Nevertheless, owing to their physical and chemical properties, they are still used in the production of several commercial products. Utilization of such products increases the chance for the exposure of heavy metals, some of them are categorized as probable human carcinogens (Group 1) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Exposure of heavy metals to school children at early age can result severe life time health issues and high chance of emerging cancer. Thus, we have performed study relating to the presence of heavy metals in acrylic color paints commonly used by the school children. Acrylic paints of different colors were assayed for seven potential heavy metals manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) using microwave digestion and iCAPQ inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) system. The optimized method including paints digestion reagents nitric acid (HNO₃, 65%, 5 mL) and hydrofluoric acid (HF, 40%, 2 mL) have offered excellent method performance with recovery values ranged between 99.33% and 105.67%. The elements were identified in all of the analyzed samples with concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 372.59 µg/g. Cd constitutes the lower percentage (0.05%), whereas Zn constitutes high ratio contribution which was tremendously high (68.33%). Besides, the paints contamination was also color specific, with considerably total heavy metal concentrations found in brunt umber (526.57 µg/g) while scarlet color (12.62 µg/g) contained lower amounts. The outcomes of our investigation highlight the necessity for guidelines addressing the heavy metals in acrylic color paints intended for the school children usage.     

Probiotic Yoghurts with Sea Buckthorn,Elderberry, and Sloe Fruit Purees

Elderberries, sea buckthorn, and sloe berries are fruits of wild-grown bushes, valued in folk medicine for their health-promoting properties but still rarely applied in food. The aim of the present study was to produce probiotic yoghurts with a 10% addition of sweetened purees prepared from elderberries (EPY), sea buckthorn (SBPY), and sloe berries (SPY) and to assess their chemical composition, acidity, content of polyphenols and anthocyanins, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and antiradical power (ARP), level of starter microbiota, concentration of acetaldehyde and diacetyl, syneresis, instrumentally measured color and texture parameters, and sensory acceptance. The results were compared to those obtained for plain probiotic yoghurt (PPY) and the changes tracked during 1 month of cold storage at 2 week intervals. The addition of elderberry and sloe berries significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of probiotic yoghurts, probably due to a high content of polyphenols, especially anthocyanins. However, anthocyanins were more stable in the EPY when compared to the SPY. All yoghurt treatments were characterized by good sensory quality and viability of starter microorganisms, including probiotic strains during cold storage. Elderberries promoted the evolution of diacetyl in yoghurts during storage and, together with sloe berries, produced increased syneresis and the greatest changes in color profile compared to PPY.     

Characterization of Food Packaging Films with Blackcurrant Fruit Waste as a Source of Antioxidant and Color Sensing Intelligent Material

Chitosan and pectin films were enriched with blackcurrant pomace powder (10 and 20% (w/w)), as bio-based material, to minimize food production losses and to increase the functional properties of produced films aimed at food coatings and wrappers. Water vapor permeability of active films increased up to 25%, moisture content for 27% in pectin-based ones, but water solubility was not significantly modified. Mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus) were mainly decreased due to the residual insoluble particles present in blackcurrant waste. FTIR analysis showed no significant changes between the film samples. The degradation temperatures, determined by DSC, were reduced by 18 °C for chitosan-based samples and of 32 °C lower for the pectin-based samples with blackcurrant powder, indicating a disturbance in polymer stability. The antioxidant activity of active films was increased up to 30-fold. Lightness and redness of dry films significantly changed depending on the polymer type. Significant color changes, especially in chitosan film formulations, were observed after exposure to different pH buffers. This effect is further explored in formulations that were used as color change indicators for intelligent biopackaging.     

The Influence of Different Pretreatment Methods on Color and Pigment Change in Beetroot Products

Vegetable processing pomace contains valuable substances such as natural colors that can be reused as functional ingredients. Due to a large amount of water, they are an unstable material. The aim of our research was to assess how the pretreatment method (thermal or nonthermal) affects the properties of powders obtained from beet juice and pomace after the freeze-drying process. The raw material was steamed or sonicated for 10 or 15 min, and then squeezed into juice and pomace. Both squeezed products were freeze-dried. The content of dry substance; L*, a*, and b* color parameters; and the content of betalain pigments were analyzed. Pretreatments increased the proportion of red and yellow in the juices. Steam and ultrasound caused a significant reduction in parameter b* in the dried pomace. A significant increase in betanin in lyophilizates was observed after pretreatment with ultrasound and steam for 15 min. As a result of all experiments, dried juices and pomaces can also be used as a colorant source. However, there is higher potential with pomaces due to their additional internal substances as well as better storage properties. After a few hours, juice was sticky and not ready to use.     

巴基斯坦斯瓦特山谷祖母绿的谱学特征研究

随着哥伦比亚祖母绿矿的日益枯竭,巴基斯坦祖母绿逐渐成为市场的主力军之一,运用常规宝石学仪器、红外光谱仪、激光拉曼光谱仪、紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪(UV-Vis-Nir)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)对巴基斯坦斯瓦特产区的祖母绿谱学特征进行了较系统的研究。结果表明,巴基斯坦斯瓦特祖母绿颜色整体呈深绿色-深蓝绿色,折射率较高为1.589～1.615。巴基斯坦斯瓦特产区的祖母绿中含有种类和数量较多的内含物,其中三相内含物呈边界清晰平直的矩形且具有明显定向性,与俄罗斯、赞比亚和埃塞俄比亚产区祖母绿的三相内含物接近。根据同一样品不同颜色的紫外-可见-近红外光谱和LA-ICP-MS的分析表明,在颜色较深的区域,紫外-可见-近红外光谱显示相对较强的427, 608, 637和679 nm(o光)Cr的R线吸收以及在o光下370 nm Fe的吸收,同时此区域内Cr和Fe含量相对较高,因此祖母绿色带是由含量不同的Cr和Fe所致。巴基斯坦斯瓦特祖母绿是由Cr致色,V对颜色有一定贡献且Cr/V极高。根据LA-ICP-MS结合红外光谱可知,巴基斯坦斯瓦特祖母绿属于富碱祖母绿,在红外光谱...     

FJZ-1000型超高速转镜分幅相机及其应用

FJZ-1000型超高速转镜分幅相机最高摄影幅频为1107幅/s，画幅总数160幅，尺寸7.5 mm10 mm。光学系统中新加入场镜以使相机的所有画幅均完整成像，使相机摄影频率全面达到标称值的技术指标。配备了新型数字化微机控制台，使相机的操作更加方便，并且实现了两台气动相机的联合拍摄，与脉冲X光机也进行了联动实验。相机达到了设计技术性能指标，实验取得了满意的结果。     

转镜式高速相机扫描速度及其不均匀性测量

介绍了高速相机扫描速度不均匀性产生的原因、扫描速度测量的方法，简要地介绍了测量系统的工作原理，测时精度达到３ｎｓ，测速精度达到 ３，最后给出了测量 ＧＳＪ型和ＳＪＺ－１５型相机的结果。     

Measurement of uniform and localized heat dissipation induced by cyclic loading

An experimental technique is presented for measuring the heat dissipation and localization during cyclic loading of materials. The temperature field is measured by a number of thermistors and an infrared camera, which scans the specimen surface continuously. The specimen is mounted inside an isothermal chamber. The measured whole-field temperature can be used for detection of damage propagation and localization. The resolution of the technique under various boundary conditions is discussed using a onedimensional model for the heat loss under steady-state conditions. Applications of the technique are demonstrated for specimens made of fiber-reinforced ceramic and polymer matrix composites (PMCs). A methodology is proposed for measuring changes in damping and stiffness properties of viscoelastic polymer matrix composites using the temperature rise of a cyclic loaded specimen. It is demonstrated that for a ceramic matrix composite, where interfacial frictional sliding gives rise to heat dissipation, the temperature resolution can be used for detection of stress-strain hysteresis with an accuracy better than that of the stress-strain data.